日常維護
PLC的日常維護和保養(yǎng)比較簡單,主要是更換保險絲和鋰電池, 基本沒有其它易損元器件。由于存放用戶程序的隨機存儲器(RAM)、計數器和具有保持功能的輔助繼電器等均用鋰電池保護,鋰電池的壽命大約為5年,當鋰電池的電壓逐漸降低到一定程度時,PLC基本單元上電池電壓跌落到指示燈亮,提示用戶注意有鋰電池所支持的程序還可保留一周左右,必須更換電池,這是日常維護的主要內容。
調換鋰電池的步驟為:
■在拆裝前,應先讓PLC通電15秒以上(這樣可使作為存儲器備用電源的電容器充電,在鋰電池斷開后,該電容可對PLC做短暫供電,以保護RAM 中的信息不丟失);
■斷開PLC的交流電源;
■打開基本單元的電池蓋板;
■取下舊電池,裝上新電池;
■蓋上電池蓋板。
注意更換電池時間要盡量短,一般不允許超過3分鐘。如果時間過長,RAM中的程序將消失。
此外,應注意更換保險絲時要采用指定型號的產品。
I/O模塊的更換
若需替換一個模塊,用戶應確認被安裝的模塊是同類型。有些I/O系統允許帶電更換模塊,而有些則需切斷電源。若替換后可解決問題,但在一相對較短時間后又發(fā)生故障,那么用戶應檢查能產生電壓的感性負載,也許需要從外部抑制其電流尖峰。如果保險絲在更換后易被燒斷,則有可能是模塊的輸出電流超限,或輸出設備被短路。
PLC的故障診斷是一個十分重要的問題,是保證PLC控制系統正常、可靠運行的關鍵。本文對常用的故障診斷方法進行了探討。在實際工作過程中,應充分考慮到對PLC的各種不利因素,定期進行檢查和日常維護,以保證PLC控制系統安全、可靠地運行。
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