8通道0-20MA輸入接口組件 8AI
8通道0-100MV輸入接口組件 8AI
8通道0-5VDC輸入接口組件 8AI
8通道0-10VDC輸入接口組件 8AI
8通道熱電偶/毫伏輸入接口組件 8T/C 8通道熱熱電阻輸入接口組件(Platinum) 8RTD
8通道熱熱電阻輸入接口組件(Nickel) 8RTD
8通道熱熱電阻輸入接口組件(Copper) 8RTD 8通道0-20MA輸入接口組件 4AI/4AO
8通道脈沖輸入接口組件 8PI
16通道電壓監(jiān)視輸入接口組件 16DI
16通道24VDC觸點輸入接口組件 16DI
16通道48VDC觸點輸入接口組件 16DI
輸出回讀冗余8通道0-20MA輸入/輸出接口組件 冗余4AI/4AO
16通道0-20MA輸入接口組件 16AI
14通道熱電偶輸入接口組件 14T/C
8通道HART通訊輸入接口組件 8HART輸入
8通道HART通訊輸出接口組件 8HART輸出
冗余8通道0-20MA/HART通訊輸入接口組件 冗余8AI/HART輸入
32通道離散量輸入接口組件 32DI
冗余8通道0-20MA/HART通訊輸出接口組件 冗余8AI/HART輸出
24通道電壓監(jiān)視輸入,8通道離散量輸出接口組件 24DI/8DO
2通道PROFIBUS-DP現(xiàn)場總線接口組件 2DP宿主機(jī)
4段Foundation Fieldbus現(xiàn)場總線接口組件 4H1
在軟件方面:
PLC的工作方式為掃描加中斷,這既可保證它能有序地工作,避免繼電控制系統(tǒng)常出現(xiàn)的"冒險競爭",其控制結(jié)果總是確定的;而且又能應(yīng)急處理急于處理的控制,保證了PLC對應(yīng)急情況的及時響應(yīng),使PLC能可靠地工作。
為監(jiān)控PLC運行程序是否正常,PLC系統(tǒng)都設(shè)置了"看門狗"(Watchingdog)監(jiān)控程序。運行用戶程序開始時,先清"看門狗"定時器,并開始計時。當(dāng)用戶程序一個循環(huán)運行完了,則查看定時器的計時值。若超時(一般不超過100ms),則報警。嚴(yán)重超時,還可使PLC停止工作。用戶可依報警信號采取相應(yīng)的應(yīng)急措施。定時器的計時值若不超時,則重復(fù)起始的過程,PLC將正常工作。顯然,有了這個"看門狗"監(jiān)控程序,可保證PLC用戶程序的正常運行,可避免出現(xiàn)"死循環(huán)"而影響其工作的可靠性。
PLC還有很多防止及檢測故障的指令,以產(chǎn)生各重要模塊工作正常與否的提示信號。可通過編制相應(yīng)的用戶程序,對PLC的工作狀況,以及PLC所控制的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控,以確保其可靠工作。
PLC每次上電后,還都要運行自檢程序及對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行初始化。這是系統(tǒng)程序配置了的,用戶可不干預(yù)。出現(xiàn)故障時有相應(yīng)的出錯信號提示。
正是PLC在軟、硬件諸方面有強(qiáng)有力的可靠性措施,才確保了PLC具有可靠工作的特點。它的平均無故障時間可達(dá)幾萬小時以上;出了故障平均修復(fù)時間也很短,幾小時以至于幾分鐘即可。
曾有人做過為什么要使用PLC的問卷調(diào)查。在回答中,多數(shù)用戶把PLC工作可靠作為選用它的主要原因,即把PLC能可靠工作,作為它的選指標(biāo)。
4通道串口通訊單卡 4 RS232/422/485端口
4通道串口通訊冗余組件 4 RS232/422/485端口
10/100MB Ethernet通訊單卡 1 10/100M RJ45端口
10/100MB Ethernet通訊冗余單卡 1 10/100M RJ45端口
冗余8通道0-20MA輸出接口組件 可選冗余8AO
8通道電壓監(jiān)視輸入,8通道離散量輸出(外部電源) 8DI/8DO
8通道電壓監(jiān)視輸入,8通道離散量輸出(內(nèi)部電源) 8DI/8DO
8通道觸點輸入,8通道離散量輸出(外部電源) 8DI/8DO
8通道觸點輸入,8通道離散量輸出(內(nèi)部電源) 8DI/8DO
16通道觸點輸出(外部電源)接口組件(可選冗余) 可選冗余16DO
8通道雙向FOXCOM雙波特率智能設(shè)備接口組件 冗余8通道雙向FOXCOM雙波特率智能設(shè)備接口組件 冗余8IT
隨著PLC技術(shù)的發(fā)展,PLC產(chǎn)品的種類也越來越多。不同型號的PLC,其結(jié)構(gòu)形式、性能、容量、指令系統(tǒng)、編程方式、價格等也各有不同,適用的場合也各有側(cè)重。因此,合理選用PLC,對于提高PLC控制系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)有著重要意義。
PLC的選擇主要應(yīng)從PLC的機(jī)型、容量、I/O模塊、電源模塊、特殊功能模塊、通信聯(lián)網(wǎng)能力等方面加以綜合考慮。
PLC機(jī)型的選擇
PLC機(jī)型選擇的基本原則是在滿足功能要求及保證可靠、維護(hù)方便的前提下,力爭的性能價格比。選擇時主要考慮以下幾點:
(一) 合理的結(jié)構(gòu)型式
PLC主要有整體式和模塊式兩種結(jié)構(gòu)型式。
整體式PLC的每一個I/O點的平均價格比模塊式的便宜,且體積相對較小,一般用于系統(tǒng)工藝過程較為固定的小型控制系統(tǒng)中;而模塊式PLC的功能擴(kuò)展靈活方便,在I/O點數(shù)、輸入點數(shù)與輸出點數(shù)的比例、I/O模塊的種類等方面選擇余地大,且維修方便,一般于較復(fù)雜的控制系統(tǒng)。
(二) 安裝方式的選擇
PLC系統(tǒng)的安裝方式分為集中式、遠(yuǎn)程I/O式以及多臺PLC聯(lián)網(wǎng)的分布式。
集中式不需要設(shè)置驅(qū)動遠(yuǎn)程I/O硬件,系統(tǒng)反應(yīng)快、成本低;遠(yuǎn)程I/O式適用于大型系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)的裝置分布范圍很廣,遠(yuǎn)程I/O可以分散安裝在現(xiàn)場裝置附近,連線短,但需要增設(shè)驅(qū)動器和遠(yuǎn)程I/O電源;多臺PLC聯(lián)網(wǎng)的分布式適用于多臺設(shè)備分別獨立控制,又要相互聯(lián)系的場合,可以選用小型PLC,但必須要附加通訊模塊。
(三)相應(yīng)的功能要求
一般小型(低檔)PLC具有邏輯運算、定時、計數(shù)等功能,對于只需要開關(guān)量控制的設(shè)備都可滿足。
對于以開關(guān)量控制為主,帶少量模擬量控制的系統(tǒng),可選用能帶A/D和D/A轉(zhuǎn)換單元,具有加減算術(shù)運算、數(shù)據(jù)傳送功能的增強(qiáng)型低檔PLC。
對于控制較復(fù)雜,要求實現(xiàn)PID運算、閉環(huán)控制、通信聯(lián)網(wǎng)等功能,可視控制規(guī)模大小及復(fù)雜程度,選用中檔或PLC。但是中、PLC價格較貴,一般用于大規(guī)模過程控制和集散控制系統(tǒng)等場合。
(四)響應(yīng)速度要求
PLC是為工業(yè)自動化設(shè)計的通用控制器,不同檔次PLC的響應(yīng)速度一般都能滿足其應(yīng)用范圍內(nèi)的需要。如果要跨范圍使用PLC,或者某些功能或信號有特殊的速度要求時,則應(yīng)該慎重考慮PLC的響應(yīng)速度,可選用具有高速I/O處理功能的PLC,或選用具有快速響應(yīng)模塊和中斷輸入模塊的PLC等。
(五)系統(tǒng)可靠性的要求
對于一般系統(tǒng)PLC的可靠性均能滿足。對可靠性要求很高的系統(tǒng),應(yīng)考慮是否采用冗余系統(tǒng)或熱備用系統(tǒng)。
(六)機(jī)型盡量統(tǒng)一
一個企業(yè),應(yīng)盡量做到PLC的機(jī)型統(tǒng)一。主要考慮到以下三方面問題:
1)機(jī)型統(tǒng)一,其模塊可互為備用,便于備品備件的采購和管理。
2)機(jī)型統(tǒng)一,其功能和使用方法類似,有利于技術(shù)力量的培訓(xùn)和技術(shù)水平的提高。
3)機(jī)型統(tǒng)一,其外部設(shè)備通用,資源可共享,易于聯(lián)網(wǎng)通信,配上位計算機(jī)后易于形成一個多級分布式控制系統(tǒng)。
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